Utilidad del sistema Scheimpflug por Pentacam para la cuantificación de la opacidad de la cápsula posterior en pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona / Usefulness of Pentacam Scheimflug system for quantification of the posterior capsule opacity in pseudophakic patients with silicon oil-filled eyes

Objetivo: determinar si el sistema Scheimpflug por Pentacam tiene utilidad en la cuantificación objetiva de la opacidad de la cápsula posterior en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período comprendido entre abril del año 2012 y abril de 2014. Se evaluó, mediante sistema Scheimpflug del Pentacam para la cuantificación de la opacidad de cápsula posterior, a un grupo de 31 pacientes seudofáquicos sometidos a una vitrectomía previa con aceite de silicona y se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en 26 pacientes operados solo de cirugía del cristalino con lente intraocular, para lo cual se utilizaron las variables edad, sexo, opacidad en grados por lámpara de hendidura y la intensidad media de píxeles en un área circular de 3 mm centrales seleccionada en los tomogramas, analizadas por el software Image J 1.42 q. Resultados: en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona el sistema Scheimpflug no fue capaz de discernir entre los diferentes grados de opacidad de la cápsula posterior(p= 0,210) y no existió concordancia entre ambas mediciones (p= 0,120). Las mediciones realizadas en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona con la lámpara de hendidura por dos observadores fueron similares (p= 0,042), al igual que existió buena correlación en las realizadas con el sistema Scheimpflug (r= 0,981). Cuando se compararon las mediciones realizadas con el sistema Scheimpflug en los dos grupos de pacientes se observó que las medias de intensidad en los grados 1 y 2 eran superiores a las halladas en los pacientes no vitrectomizados previamente, no así en los grados 3; solo en este último caso la diferencia fue significativa (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: el sistema Scheimpflug no es útil para cuantificar la opacidad de la cápsula posterior en los pacientes vitrectomizados previamente que aún tienen aceite de silicona(AU)

Objective: to determine whether the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system is useful for objective quantification of the posterior capsule opacity in pseudophakic patients with silicon oil-filled eyes. Methods: observational, prospective and descriptive study conducted in Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period of April 2012 through April 2014. With the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system for the quantification of the posterior capsule opacity, 31 pseudophakic patients, who had undergone previous vitrectomy with silicon oil, were evaluated and their results were then compared with those of patients operated on through crystalline lens surgery and intraocular lens implantation (26 patients). To this end, the analyzed variables were age, sex, opacification degrees measured with slit lamp and average intensity in pixels in a 3mm round area selected from tomographs and analyzed by Image J 1.42 q software. Results: in pseudophakic patients with silicon oil-filled eyes, the Scheimpflug system could not differentiate the different levels of the posterior capsule opacity (p= 0.210) and there was no agreement between both measurements (p= 0.120). The measurements taken by two observers in pseudophakic patients using silicon oil and slit lamp were similar (p= 0.042) and good correlation in those taken with the Scheimpflug system (r= 0.981). When comparing the Scheimpflug system measurements taken in the two groups of patients, it was observed that the intensity means in grades 1 and 2 were higher than those found in non-vitrectomized patients, but in grade 3, the difference was significant (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Scheimpflug system is not useful to measure the posterior capsule opacity in previously vitrectomized patients who still have silicon oil-filled eyes(AU)

Transient Corneal Edema is a Predictive Factor for Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema after Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: To report transient corneal edema after phacoemulsification as a predictive factor for the development of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME). METHODS: A total of 150 eyes from 150 patients (59 men and 91 women; mean age, 68.0 ± 10.15 years) were analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography 1 week and 5 weeks after routine phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Transient corneal edema detected 1 week after surgery was analyzed to reveal any significant relationship with the development of PCME 5 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Transient corneal edema developed in 17 (11.3%) of 150 eyes 1 week after surgery. A history of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with development of transient corneal edema (odds ratio [OR], 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 11.54; p = 0.011). Both diabetes mellitus and transient corneal edema were significantly associated with PCME development 5 weeks after surgery (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 1.56 to 13.43; p = 0.007; and OR, 6.71; CI, 2.05 to 21.95; p = 0.003, respectively). In the 8 eyes with both diabetes mellitus and transient corneal edema, 4 (50%) developed PCME 5 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Transient corneal edema detected 1 week after routine cataract surgery is a predictive factor for development of PCME. Close postoperative observation and intervention is recommended in patients with transient corneal edema.

Reproducibility of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Pseudophakic Eyes

PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurement (measurement agreement) and its color-coded classification (classification agreement) by Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Two-hundred five participants having glaucoma or glaucoma suspected eyes underwent two repeated Cirrus OCT scans to measure cpRNFL thickness (optic disc cube 200 x 200). After classifying participants into three different groups according to their lens status (clear media, cataract, and pseudophakic), values of intra-class coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variance, and test-retest variability were compared between groups for average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses and that corresponding to four quadrant maps. Linear weighted kappa coefficients were calculated as indicators of agreement of color code classification in each group. RESULTS: ICC values were all excellent (generally defined as 0.75 to 1.00) for the average and quadrant RNFL thicknesses in all three groups. ICC values of the clear media group tended to be higher than those in the cataract and pseudophakic groups for all quadrants and average thickness. Especially in the superior and nasal quadrants, the ICC value of the cataract group was significantly lower than that of the clear media and pseudophakic groups. For average RNFL thickness, classification agreement (kappa) in three groups did not show a statistically significant difference. For quadrant maps, classification agreement (kappa) in the clear media group was higher than those in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement of cpRNFL measurement and its color code classification between two repeated Cirrus OCT scans in pseudophakic eyes was as good as that in eyes with clear crystalline lens. More studies are required to ascertain the effect of lens status on the reproducibility of Cirrus OCT according to different stages of glaucoma patients.

[Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Eye research Center-Mashhad University of Medical Sciences]

Evaluation of epidemiology and seasonal variation of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment [RRD], in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery. Medical records of 416 patients admitted in KHATAM eye hospital [Mashhad, IRAN] were reviewed between years 2000 to 2008. Information about sex, age, season and month of incidence and operation and concomitant risk factors of patients, were gathered and analyzed. Average age of patients was 41 years old. Most of the cases of the disease were observed in the age group of above 6- y/o [35%]. The frequency of the RRD was higher in male patients than in females. [Ratio: 1.7 to 1]. Distribution of our cases in different seasons showed no significant difference between them [P value = 0.142]. The highest and lowest rate of RRD was observed in October and September respectively with October having 51 patients [12.3%] and September having 23 patients [5.5%]. Myoia and pseudophakia were most common risk factors. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and month [and season] of incidence [or diagnosis and surgical procedure] of the RRD, likewise for gender. This study showed more RRD in male patients. Patients above than 60 years old have greater risks of incidence of RRD. No seasonal incidence pattern for RRD was founded; however, most of cases occurred in October, and at least in September

One cornea for two patients: case report / Uma córnea para dois pacientes: relato de caso

Case reporting the use of one donor cornea for two transplantation procedures: deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in a case of an imminent corneal perforation caused by herpetic stromal necrosis, and Descemet stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in an eye with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). Descemet's membrane (DM), denuded by stromal necrosis, served as the starting point for dissection plane and creation of the recipient bed for DALK. The next steps were excision of the diseased stroma along the edge of trephination, and transplantation of a 400-450 µm thick, manually dissected lamellar graft. The remaining posterior layers of the donor cornea, 100-150 µm thick, were used as a graft in the DSEK procedure for PBK. The integrity of the globe was saved, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 was reached after DALK in the eye with an imminent corneal perforation. A subnormal central corneal thickness (CCT) of 430 µm did not interfere with corneal shape (43.50 x 45.50 D) and function. The graft remained attached and clear after DSEK in the eye with PBK, with BCVA of 20/30 and a CCT of 653 µm. One donor cornea can be used for two lamellar keratoplasties, DALK and DSEK. Although the described obstacles may prevent this approach from becoming widely used, it may prove useful when one is confronted with a need for an urgent anterior lamellar keratoplasty, a long list of cases for DSEK, and a shortage of donor corneas.

Relato de caso descrevendo o uso de uma córnea doadora para dois procedimentos de transplante: ceratoplastia anterior lamelar profunda (DALK) no caso de uma perfuração corneal iminente causada por necrose estromal por herpes vírus, e ceratoplastia com transplante de endotélio (DSEK) no olho com ceratopatia bolhosa em pseudofacia (PBK). A membrana de Descemet (DM), previamente desnudada pela necrose estromal, serviu como ponto de partida para o plano de dissecção e da criação do leito estromal para DALK. Os passos seguintes foram a excisão do estroma acometido até a borda da trepanação, transplante de um botão doador de aproximadamente 400-450 µm de espessura manualmente dissecado. As camadas posteriores restantes da córnea doadora, com a espessura de 100-150 µm, foram utilizadas para o procedimento DSEK no olho com PBK. A integridade do globo ocular foi mantida, e a acuidade visual melhor corrigida (BCVA) de 20/40 foi alcançada após DALK no olho com a perfuração corneal iminente. A espessura corneal central (CCT) de 430 µm abaixo da normal não interferiu com a curvatura anterior da córnea (43,50 x 45,50 D), nem com a sua função. O transplante de endotélio manteve-se tópico e transparente após DSEK no olho com a PBK, com uma BCVA de 20/30 e CCT de 653 µm. Uma córnea doadora pode ser utilizada para duas ceratoplastias lamelares, DALK e DSEK. Apesar de, devido os obstáculos descritos, pode não ser recomendada para o uso cotidiano, esta abordagem mostra-se útil nos casos da necessidade de uma ceratoplastia lamelar anterior de urgência, a longa lista para DESK e a falta de córneas doadoras.

Síndrome do bloqueio capsular precoce relato de caso e especulação sobre o tamanho da parte óptica da lente como fator de risco / Early caspsular block syndrome a case report and speculation about the size of the lens' optic as a risk factor

Apresentamos um caso de síndrome de bloqueio capsular precoce, tratado por reintervenção cirúrgica no segundo dia de pós-operatório. Comentamos as principais características da síndrome, os possíveis fatores predisponentes, as opções de tratamento e a importância do seu correto reconhecimento. Nós também especulamos sobre outro possível fator de risco, lentes intraoculares com parte óptica de 6mm ou maiores.

We present a case of early capsular block syndrome that was treated by re-operation on the second post operative day. We discuss the major characteristics of the syndrome, possible predisposing factors, therapeutic options and highlight the importance of its correct recognition. We also speculate about another possible risk factor, an intraocular lens with a optic part about 6mm or more.

Primary 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy in pseudophakic retinal detachment.

AIMS: There are few reports on 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) in cases of pseudophakic retinal detachment. We conducted this study to report the anatomic and functional outcomes of 25-gauge TSV in the treatment of primary pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD). DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with RD after cataract surgery with phacoemulsification were evaluated. Primary pseudophakic RDs with macular detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy Stage B or less were included in the study. Pars plana vitrectomy with the 25-gauge TSV system, perfluorocarbon liquid injection followed by air exchange, endolaser photocoagulation and sulfur hexafluoride gas (20%) injection were applied to all eyes. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 9.2 months (range, six to 12 months). Retinal reattachment with a single operation was achieved in 93% of eyes and with additional surgery, the retina was reattached in 100% of eyes. Preoperative visual acuity was less than 20/200 in all eyes (range, hand motions to 20/400). Postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 or better in eight eyes (53%) and between 20/50 and 20/200 in seven eyes (47%). No severe hypotony was encountered and no sutures were required to close the scleral and conjunctival openings. Postoperative complications were macular pucker in one eye (7%) and cystoid macular edema in another eye (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Primary 25-gauge TSV system appears to be an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of uncomplicated pseudophakic RD.

First report of evaluation of K-M media: a new corneal preservation medium.

PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome of keratoplasty performed using Kalevar-Majumdar (K-M) media, a new synthetic viscous medium for preservation of the cornea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The K-M media-preserved donor eye balls were kept in a bottle in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C till the corneas were used. Forty-eight consecutive keratoplasty cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with vision less than counting fingers at one meter and operated by a single surgeon have been analyzed. Corneal donor button of 7.5 mm was used on the 7.0 mm recipient bed in all cases. Surgery was done with a standard technique. All the cases were examined daily for the first week and at the end of one month for graft clarity, epithelial defect and stromal edema. RESULTS: The K-M media-preserved corneal grafts remained clear at the end of the first week in 95.8% (46 of 48) cases and at the end of one month in 93.7% (45 of 48) cases. Donor epithelial haze cleared in 24 h in all cases. The stromal edema got cleared in the majority (91.7%, 44 of 48) within 24 h. Epithelial defect was seen in only 10.4% (five cases). There was no primary graft failure. CONCLUSION: K-M medium, a new viscous, synthetic corneal preservation medium, is a safe (no primary donor failure) alternative to conventional liquid corneal preservation media. K-M media-preserved eyes appear to have better preserved corneal epithelium with faster achievement of graft clarity postoperatively.

Retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in pseudophakic macular edema / Espessura retiniana medida pela tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) no edema macular do pseudofácico

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal map in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema (ACME). METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of a group of 36 pseudophakic eyes at the fifth postoperative week, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map and fluorescein angiography on the same day and, a control group of twenty-two 20/20 vision eyes with a minimum 6-month postoperative period, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map only. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, any macular pathology and unreadable optical coherence tomography or angiogram. The angiograms were divided into three groups according to the edema intensity: Group I: level 0 (absence of angiographic pseudophakic macular edema); group II: levels 1 and 2 (incomplete and complete perifoveal angiographic pseudophakic macular edema respectively) and group III: levels 3 and 4 (up to one disc diameter and greater than one disc diameter angiographic pseudophakic macular edema area respectively). The nine zones of the optical coherence tomography macular map were compared between the control and the three subgroups of the study group and, between group I and groups II and III. RESULTS: Among the 36 eyes, 23 (64 percent) were classified as group I, 10 (28 percent) as group II and three (8 percent) as group III. The mean thickness of the fovea zone was 185±15 µm for the control group, 189±24 µm for group I, 213±33 µm for group II and 455±38 µm for group III. Significant differences: between group III and the control or group I for all zones (p<0.01) and, between group II and control or group I for the fovea and temporal inner zones (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optical coherence tomography retinal map is useful in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema diagnosis.

OBJETIVO: Medir a espessura retiniana pela tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) no edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico (ACME). MÉTODOS: Trabalho prospectivo composto de um grupo de estudo com 36 olhos pseudofácicos, entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana de pós-operatório, submetidos ao mapa macular com a tomografia de coerência óptica 2 e à angiofluoresceinografia no mesmo dia e, um grupo controle com 22 olhos pseudofácicos com visão igual a 20/20 e no mínimo 6 meses de pós-operatório, submetidos apenas ao mapa macular com o tomografia de coerência óptica 2. Os critérios de exclusão foram diabetes e maculopatias e exames de qualidade insuficiente para análise. Os angiogramas foram divididos em 3 grupos segundo a intensidade do edema: Grupo I: nível 0 (ausência de edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico); grupo II: níveis 1 e 2 (edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico perifoveal incompleto e completo) e grupo III: níveis 3 e 4 (edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico até um e maior que um diâmetro papilar de área). As nove zonas do mapa macular da tomografia de coerência óptica foram comparadas entre o controle os três subgrupos do grupo de estudo e, entre o grupo I e os grupos II e III. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 olhos do grupo de estudo, 23 (64 por cento) foram classificados como grupo I, 10 (28 por cento) como grupo II e 3 (8 por cento) como grupo III. A espessura para a zona fóvea foi de 185±15 µm no grupo controle, de 189±24 µm no grupo I, de 213±33 µm no grupo II e de 455± 38 µm no grupo III. Diferenças significativas para esta região foram observadas entre o grupo controle ou grupo I e o grupo III para todas as zonas (p<0,01) e, entre o grupo I e o grupo II para a zona fóvea e a temporal interna (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O programa de mapa macular da tomografia de coerência óptica 2 é útil para o diagnóstico de edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico.

Glaucoma in aphakia and pseudophakia after congenital cataract surgery.

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of visual loss despite successful congenital cataract surgery. The overall incidence does not appear to have decreased with modern microsurgical techniques. The onset of glaucoma may be acute or insidious and notoriously refractory to treatment. Angle closure glaucoma may occur in the early postoperative period; but the most common type of glaucoma to develop after congenital cataract surgery is open angle glaucoma. Several risk factors have been identified and both chemical and mechanical theories have been proposed for its pathogenesis. Unlike children with congenital glaucoma, those with paediatric glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery are usually asymptomatic despite high intraocular pressure. They may require regular evaluation under anaesthesia, whenever there are any suspicious findings. Unlike congenital glaucoma, the first line of treatment for glaucoma in aphakia/pseudophakia may be medical. Traditional trabeculectomy in paediatric glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery has met with limited success. The addition of antimetabolites to trabeculectomy is known to inhibit fibrosis and enhance the success, but carries the lifelong risk of bleb-related endophthalmitis. Drainage implant surgery is a viable option to achieve longterm intraocular pressure control in this refractory group of patients. Cycloablative procedures may provide temporising treatment and should be reserved for patients with low visual potential. Diagnosis of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery requires lifelong surveillance and continuous assessment of the problem. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of this sight-threatening complication following successful cataract surgery in children.

Pupillary block glaucoma following implantation of a posterior chamber pseudophakos in the anterior chamber.

Pupillary block glaucoma is a common complication of cataract surgery, especially following anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. We report a case of pupillary block glaucoma with a posterior chamber IOL that was implanted in the anterior chamber following a complicated extracapsular cataract extraction. The case was successfully managed by explantation of the posterior chamber lens, anterior vitrectomy, peripheral iridectomy and secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The intraocular pressure was controlled with a single topical antiglaucoma medication.

Finding the retinal break in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

The development of subretinal fluid is governed by a limited number of anatomical factors and gravity. As a result, rhegmatogenous retinal detachments form in a predictable manner around the retinal break of their origin. The shape of the detachments points to the position of the break. The purpose of this review is to describe the characterstic contours of subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, and to highlight some rules and methodology which can help in the detection of the retinal break in phakic, psuedophakic and recurrent retinal detachments.

Is pseudophakic astigmatism a desirable goal?

PURPOSE: To determine whether pseudophakic astigmatism is a desirable goal, and if so, which one is better: against-the-rule (ATR) or with-the-rule (WTR). METHOD: Eyes were included only if they had an uncorrected vision > or = 6/18 and N/18. Three groups, of 40 patients each were evaluated: group 1, pseudophakes with neutral astigmatism; group 2, with ATR and group 3, with WTR astigmatism Unaided distance and near visual acuity was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test for independence. RESULTS: Unaided distance vision of > or = 6/7.5 was achieved in 19 eyes (47.5%) of group 1 (neutral), 12 eyes (30%) in group 2 (ATR), and 5 eyes (12.5%) in group 3 (WTR) (p = 0.0133, significant). Unaided near vision of > or = N/9 was achieved in 17 eyes (42.5%) in group 1 (neutral), 34 eyes (85%) in group 2 (ATR), and 10 eyes (25%) in group 3 (WTR) (P < 0.001, significant). Group 1 (neutral) fared the best for unaided distance visual acuity. Group 2 (ATR) was better than in group 3 (WTR) for distant vision. Group 2 (ATR) fared the best for unaided near vision. CONCLUSION: ATR astigmatism could be a desirable goal after cataract extraction in selected populations because the largest proportion of these cases achieved good unaided near vision with acceptable distant vision.

A integridade da cápsula posterior na fisiopatologia do EMC da pseudofacia / Cystoid macular edema and the integrity of the posterior capsule in pseudophakia eye

Objetivo:O objetivo dos autores é mostrar a relaçäo entre a ruptura da cápsula posterior (RCP), primária ou secundária à capsulotomia com Nd Yag laser, e o desenvolvimento do edema macular cistóide (EMC). Material e método: Foram analisados 928 olhos submetidos à facoemulsificaçäo com implante de lente intra-ocular nos anos de 1997 a 1998. Resultados: Dos 928 olhos submetidos à facectomia, houve ruptura da cápsula posterior no per-cirúrgico de 40 olhos (40/928 = 4.31 por cento); nenhum destes olhos desenvolveu EMC. Dos 888 olhos em que näo houve ruptura de cápsula, 20 desenvolveram EMC (20/888 = 2.15 por cento). Destes 20 olhos, 2 eram portadores de retinopatia diabética. Dos olhos que näo ocorreu RCP no per-cirúrgico, 141 olhos (141/888 = 15.87 por cento) foram submetidos à capsulotomia secundária (com Nd Yag laser), e destes, 6 evoluíram com EMC (6/141 = 4.25 por cento). Conclusäo: Concluímos que as causas do EMC dos olhos submetidos à cirurgia de catarata sem intercorrências permanecem obscuras, porém, fica evidente que a RCP bem conduzida näo é fator determinante ao EMC. Há fortes evidências de correlaçäo entre capsulotomia posterior com Nd Yag laser e EMC.

Vitrectomia no tratamento do edema cistóide de mácula pós-pseudofacia / Vitrectomy in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

Introduçäo: o edema cistóide de mácula (ECM) é uma das principais patologias que determinam baixa acuidade visual em pacientes após cirurgia de catarata. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo é determinado a eficácia da vitrectomia no tratamento do edema cistóide de mácula pós-pseudofacia em pacientes com falta de integridade da cápsula posterior. Material e métodos: foram analisados retrospectivamente prontuários de 11 pacientes pseduofácicos com rotura ou falta de cápsula posterior, com diagnóstico de Edema Cistóide de Mácula, que foram submetidos à vitrectomia para tratamento do Edema Cistóide de Mácula. Resultados: Houve significante melhora da acuidade visual após a vitrectomia. Näo houve diferença entre os subgrupos com lente intra-ocular de câmara anterior e posterior ..